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Structure and mechanical properties of magnesium materials processed by HPT
Poloprudský, Jakub ; Němec, Karel (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis is focused on processing of pure magnesium by high pressure torsion method (HPT). This process belongs to the group of intensive plastic deformation methods (SPD). SPD methods are in the centre of scientific interest for several decades. Theoretical part of this thesis puts an effort to summarize basic knowledge and principles of SPD methods with extra focus on method HPT. As theoretical part continues magnesium as technical material is presented. Influence of SPD on use and properties of pure magnesium is then presented. This trend is further developed in effort to describe the effect of individual HPT process variables on the properties of pure magnesium and its alloys. Focus of practical part of this thesis is in influence of number of revolutions. Samples were processed at 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 4 and 8 turns at room temperature. Speed of process was 1rpm and applied pressure was 6 GPa. The structure of commercially pure magnesium prepared by casting and moulding were observed with focus on differences caused by input material. The structure was observed by both light microscopy and back scattered electron diffraction (EBSD), focusing on structure development, grain size and grain orientation. Compared to other works on similar topic, the emphasis here is on observing the microhardness on the vertical edge of the sample. The hardness shows a steep increase right after 1/8 of a turn. With increasing number of turns gradual homogenization of microhardness is presented accompanied by slight decrease in microhardness. No trend in microhardness relative to the distance from anvil has occurred. Structure observed with EBSD shows a bimodal character with larger grains oriented in the same direction. The three-point bending test didn’t end up as expected, and the approach to evaluation of magnesium-based HPT needs to be re-evaluated for future work. A three-point bending test was designed for the initial assessment of the basic mechanical properties of the material.
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Meanings of the word populism and their changes in czech political debate 2013-2021
Staněk, Jan ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The thesis "The Meanings of the Word Populism and Their Transformations in the Czech Political Debate 2013-2021" deals with how the term populism and its derivatives were portrayed in the Czech media between 2013 and 2021, with a focus on the periods of political campaigns before the elections to the Czech Chamber of Deputies. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the main concepts addressed by contemporary academic research on this phenomenon are summarized, including the theory of populism as a thin ideology, political discourse, and socio-cultural phenomenon. Furthermore, the contemporary context of the examined period is presented, including the main political actors, the course of election campaigns, and the topics that appeared in the political and media debate during the investigated period. The methodological part introduces the research method used, which is Berelson's content quantitative analysis, and outlines its basic limitations. The practical part first presents the research itself and its parameters, including predetermined hypotheses and research questions it works with. Subsequently, the results are presented, confronted with the hypotheses, and an answer to the research question is sought. Among the main findings of the practical part of the thesis is the revelation of a...
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Analysis of the implementation of election programs of political parties in the Czech Republic in the period 2018-2021
Žižková, Silvie ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájek, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the degree of fulfilment of verifiable promises from the election programmes presented to the Czech citizens in the 2017 elections to the Chamber of Deputies. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the rate of fulfilment of promises by all political parties that entered the parliament in 2017. The analysis examines the rate of fulfilment of promises in the last completed electoral period, i.e. between 2018-2021, when the second government of Andrej Babiš was in power. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the analysis to the readers and to find out the different rates of fulfillment of the coalition and opposition parties. The results of the analysis have shown that in the Czech environment, coalition parties do not fulfil fundamentally more promises than opposition parties. The highest rate of fulfilment of promises was shown for the ANO party, which held the prime minister's seat at the time of the mandate and fulfilled 42% of the testable promises. However, the opposition party, Starostové a nezávislí (the Mayors and Independents), had the second highest rate of promise fulfilment with 41 %. The coalition fulfilled 41% of the promises and the opposition fulfilled 28% of the promises overall, with the results affected by the SPD's zero fulfilment rate. The...
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Communication of the Youth Organizations of the Populist Parties in the Czech Republic
Štěrbová, Adéla ; Konrádová, Marcela (advisor) ; Shavit, Anna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of communication of youth organizations of the populist movements ANO 2011 and the Freedom and Direct Democracy (Svoboda a přímá demokracie). The concept of populism is considered ambiguous in academic debate and lacks a universally accepted definition covering all of its aspects. The thesis presents different approaches to the study of populism. Due to the topic of the diploma thesis, the work is inclined to understand populism as a communication style, which appears to be the most relevant in the context of the goals of the thesis, and defines its core elements that are then reflected in the operationalization of the research questions. In addition to the presentation of different approaches to the study of populism and the identification of its key elements, the theory and functions of youth organizations are also presented, as well as the theory, development and typology of political parties, including the connection of each of them to the concept of populism and the placement of the ANO and SPD movements in the context of this typology. The aim of the thesis is to identify the relationship in terms of communication between the selected youth organizations and their "parent" political parties, as well as to identify what characterizes the external...
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Comparison of Czech and Slovak Personal Parties
Malý, Michal ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This thesis deals with one of the phenomena of the personalization of politics, personal parties. Personnel parties are not particularly scrutinized in current political science discourse. However, it can be assumed that the phenomenon of personalization will increasingly permeate the political environment. Therefore, the goal of this work is to fill this empty gap and analyze selected Czech and Slovak personnel parties in a mutual comparison. The choice of countries is by no means random. The Czech and Slovak Republics were still one country until 1992, so it will be interesting to see if the parties in both countries develop differently. The ANO and SPD movements will be analyzed from the Czech sides, and the SME RODINA and OLANO movements from the Slovak sides. The movement was chosen because it has successfully passed at least two elections and is still active in the parliament of both countries. Movements will be explored from different perspectives. The first perspective will be the position of leader within the party, where a strong to dominant position is assumed. In the second part, the analysis will focus on the stability of the parties from the external and internal parts, and the last part will examine whether there is a fixed programmatic position for the personnel parties. The goal of...
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The policy of the parliamentary parties in the Federal Republic of Germany towards the countries of the Eastern Bloc within the years 1963-1966
Matějů, Petra ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis "The policy of the parliamentary parties in the Federal Republic of Germany towards the countries of the Eastern Bloc within the years 1963-1966" studies the policy of the parliamentary parties in the Federal Republic of Germany - CDU/CSU (Christian Democratic Union of Germany and Christian Social Union of Bavaria), FDP (Free Democratic Party) and SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany) - towards the countries of the Eastern Bloc during the Federal Cabinet of Ludwig Erhard between the years 1963-1966. The thesis hypothesizes that a significant shift in the approach to the German question and Ostpolitik occurred in all the parliamentary parties in the FRG during the years 1963-1966. This hypothesis is tested by means of a detailed chronological description and analysis of the progress of the policies and a comparative analysis of the parties' policies towards the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic and other communist states of Eastern Europe. The thesis is focused on both the official policy of the Federal Cabinet and the policies of all the parliamentary parties and also on the opinions of the parties' individual members. Furthermore, it shows the process of shaping of collective opinions which react to changes in the world politics and home affairs. The analysis is put into...
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Development of the SPD between the reunification of Germany and 2005
Jůza, Robert ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee)
This master thesis focuses on the development of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) between the years 1990 and 2005. At the beginning of this period, Germany was reunited. At the end, the coalition government of the SPD and the Greens came to its end and the SPD lost the office of the Chancellor. The first chapter of this thesis summarizes the post- war development of the SPD, which is crucial for better understanding of the events after the year 1990. The following chapters are, in accordance with the election period focused on the period of 1990 - 2005. The main focus of this thesis are the important phenomena which were linked to the SPD during the analysed period. Attention is paid to the debates within the party regarding economic, social and foreign policy or personnel issues. The main program documents of the SPD from the years 1990 - 2005 are analysed. All the mentioned information is summarised and interpreted.
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The Social Democratic Party of Germany 1998 - 2013: From Triumph to Crisis?
Schmiedová, Petra ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the federal election result of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 2009, in which the party scored its lowest post-war result. The author tries to describe the factors which caused this electoral disaster. From its establishment the SPD went through a lot of changes, as did the whole society. From a party of workers, who fought for their extended rights, the SPD became a party defending three fundamental values - freedom, justice and solidarity - for everyone. However, in the 1980s the party was forced to abandon the Keynesian economic model, to which she owed her success in the field of economics. It was necessary for the party to adapt to new neoliberal economic theories. After 16 years in opposition the SPD achieved a triumph in federal elections in 1998, when Gerhard Schröder became the new chancellor. Schröder was known as a supporter of the so-called Third Way. Under his leadership 1998 - 2005 the SPD was directed towards the political middle ground in an attempt to reach as many votes as possible. However, new political direction led to a crisis in the party and to a cleaving of the party left. Since 2005 the party has been dealing with several strategic problems, to which no answers have yet been found. This manifests in decreasing polling...
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Campaign of SPD and Trikolóra on social networks in the regional elections 2020
Ullsperger, Adam ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
This Diploma thesis deals with the campaign of the two political parties SPD and Trikolóra on social media networks before regional elections in 2020. It strives to show the form and the differences of the pre election campaign of these two political parties two weeks before the elections on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Instagram. The theoretical part shows the way we can classify the political parties with the cleavages, describes the chosen social media platforms and answers why these four specific platforms had been chosen. It narrates the characteristics of the regional elections with the second-order elections theory and defines negative campaign. The practical part of the thesis draws attention to the political situation in the Czech Republic in autumn 2020, because the regional elections were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This part describes SPD and Trikolóra, their history, electoral achievements, defines the election program of these two parties and their similarities. The next chapter includes the quantitative analysis of the social media platforms of SPD and Trikolóra which is supplemented by the qualitative analysis describing the content of the posts. The conclusion of the thesis compares the data of the two parties and provides the campaign differences.
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